广西毛南族体质人类学

Physical anthropology of Maonan nationality in Guangxi

目的:了解广西毛南族体质特征,为国人体质人类学、法医学、临床医学等领域的研究提供毛南族基础数据。方法:用活体观察和测量方法,对生活在广西环江县,年龄19~80岁之间,追溯3代均为毛南族的522人(男211人,女311人)进行观察和测量(观察项目26个,测量项目56个),用所得数据建立数据库并使用SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果:活体观察结果显示,广西毛南族眼裂高度中等,斜度以平行为主,大部分无蒙古褶,直型鼻背,上唇侧面观以正唇型多见,耳垂多为圆形和三角形,多为右利手,拇指直型。活体测量结果显示,身高以矮型为主,躯干以中型和长型为主,肩以宽型为主,腿以中型为主,头以圆型和中型为主,鼻以中型为主,面以超狭型为主。与贵州毛南族比较,广西毛南族身高明显低于贵州毛南族,广西毛南族多无蒙古褶,眼裂倾斜度多呈水平型,而贵州毛南族多有蒙古褶,眼裂倾斜度多为外角高;聚类分析结果显示广西毛南族体质特征与贵州侗族最为接近,与广西彝族、云南傈僳族、广西苗族次之,与云南阿昌族、广西壮族和京族、云南纳西族较远。结论:广西毛南族体质特征存在性别差异,与贵州毛南族比较也存在地域性差异。在中国南方23个少数民族聚类分析中广西毛南族体质特征与贵州侗族最为接近。

Objective： To understand the physical features of Maonan nationality in Guangxi and to provide basic data of Maonan nationality for the research of their physical anthropology, medical jurisprudence, clinical medicine, etc. Methods： 522 people （211 males, 311 females） aged between 19 and 80 year who were Maonan nationality for three generations in Huanjiang County of Guangxi were observed and measured. The data were collected to establish a database for statistical analysis by SPSS 19.0. Results： The height of eyeslits was medium; the direction of eyeslits was mainly parallel; most people had no mongoloid fold; nasal back was straight; the upper lip on lateral view was upright; most of the earlobe types were round or triangular; most people were right-handed; the thumb was mainly straight. The stature was mainly dwarf; the trunk was mainly medium and long; the shoulder was mainly wide; the leg was mainly medium length; the head was mainly round or medium; the nose was medium; the face was mainly super narrow. Compared with Maonan nationality in Guizhou, the stature of Maonan nationality in Guangxi was obviously lower than that in Guizhou. Maonan people in Guangxi had no mongoloid fold and the direction of eyeslits was mainly parallel. However, Maonan people in Guizhou had mongoloid fold and the inter-height of the eyeslits was lower than extra-height. Clustering analysis showed that Guangxi Maonan nationality was closest to Guizhou Dong nationality, followed by Guangxi Yi nationality, Yunnan Lisu nationality and Guangxi Miao nationality. Yunnan Achang nationality, Guangxi Zhuang nationality, Guangxi Jing nationality and Yunnan Naxi nationality were remotely related to Maonan nationality in Guangxi. Conclusion： The physical characteristics vary in different genders of Maonan Nationality in Guangxi, and the physical characteristics of Maonan between Guangxi and Guizhou have regional differences. The physical characteristics between Maonan nationality in Guangxi and Dong nationality in Guizhou are the most similar.