仲景辨证思维方法探析

Exploration of Zhongjing's Thoughts of Syndrome Differentiaiton

仲景根据临床四诊资料,循序渐进地进行分析整合,得出证候及相应的治法治则和方药。其理法方药完备而使得诸病均有证可辨、有理可循,诸方均有法可依、有药可组,因而对中医诊治具有普遍的指导作用,还可以使得经方的应用更加灵活,极大地拓展了经方的应用范围。《伤寒论》全书的条文书写模式绝大多数以方证的形式存在,表明了方证对应法是仲景辨证应用经方的一个重要方法,方证对应直接反应了病证与方药之间一一对应的关系,实质上本身就包含了辨证论治的核心内容。运用方证对应法使得经方的应用执简驭繁、驾轻就熟,而效验必彰,熟悉方证,则莫不善用经方。仲景通过对小柴胡汤做了"但见一证便是,不必悉俱的"使用典范,体现了仲景在一系列复杂证候中采用抓主要证候的方法,而这一抓主证法可以使得经方的应用更加准确快捷。值得注意的是,抓主证法的精髓其实包含在了辨证论治法和方证对应法的抓疾病主要矛盾方面的思维当中。

Based on the data collected through four examinations ,Zhongjing analyzed the syndromes and corresponding therapeutic principles and prescriptions, which has universal guidance for the diagnosis and treatment in TCM, expanding and making the ap- plication of classic prescriptions more flexible. The terms in Treatise on Cold Damage are mostly prescription syndromes, indicating that prescription-syndrome corresponding method is an important method in the syndrome differentiation and application of classic prescriptions. This method directly reflects the correspondence between syndromes and prescriptions and implies the core content of syndrome differentiation and treatment. With the analysis of Minor Bupleurum Decoction by Zhongjing, it reflects his grasping of the main syndrome among the complicated syndromes and symptoms, which makes the application of classic prescription more ac- curate and rapid. It is worthwhile to pay attention that he essence of grasping main syndrome is actually included in the thought of grasping the main aspect of contradiction of syndrome differentiation and treatment and prescription-syndrome correspondence