甘氏家风家训在甘熙宅第建筑环境艺术中的营构与表达研究

Study on the Construction and Expression of Family Traditions and Family Instructions of Ganxi's Former Residence

甘熙宅第俗称"九十九间半",它与明孝陵、明城墙并称为南京明清三大景观。甘熙宅第是江宁小丹阳甘氏一族的一支迁居金陵后建造的住所。金陵甘氏一族有着清晰严格的家风家训思想:即"友恭"和"津达"。"友恭"精神的核心是孝义,"津达"精神的核心是藏书教子。甘熙宅第建筑群组在建筑空间组织的秩序性上,以"礼"为序体现"友恭"精神内核;通过建造独立的藏书楼"津逮楼",践行和传承藏书教子的家风;在建筑装饰上,表现文人清雅淡泊的读书人家气韵;建筑内外的迎槛联袂,直书孝义、勤善、读书、济世的家风家训思想,营造出"友恭"、"津达"的思想内核。

The former residence of Ganxi is known as ＂ninety-nine and a half rooms＂.It is one of three major landscapes of Nanjing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The other two are Mingxiaoling Mausoleum and Ming Dynasty City Wall.Gan＇s family had lived in this mansion for 150 years since they moved to Jinling city from Xiaodanyang in Jiangning Town.Gan＇s family has distinct thoughts of family traditions and instructions which are implied in ＂You Gong＂ and ＂Jin Da＂.＂You gong＂ means devotion to parents and brothers,and loyalty to friends.＂Jin da＂means building libraries,and collecting books to educate descendants.All of these eminent family traditions and instructions are expressed in architectural environment.First,the order of spatial organization was based on Rite which was the core of ＂Yougong＂.Second,the library which called ＂Jin Dai building＂ was built for family member＇s education to inherit and implement family.Traditions.Third,the architecture decoration shows elegant and quiet spirit of literati.Fourth,couplets hung on the building wrote the thoughts explicitly such as devotion and loyalty,diligence and goodness,read and benefiting mankind.