中唐贤相杨绾墓志发微

Small discoveries about the epitaph of YANG Wan as a wise prime minister in the middle Tang Dynasty

为研究杨绾其人,采用文献分析法,分析《杨绾墓志》等墓志志文和考释相关文献,对杨绾的为官经历、品行与修养、葬地少陵原、唐代科举存废之争等进行研究。研究认为,《杨绾墓志》较为详细地记载了这位中唐贤相的家族世系、生平宦迹、婚姻、卒葬以及品行修养等方面的情况;杨绾、贾至等提出贡举之弊,主张置孝廉科、力田科等,引发时人在思想观念上趋向以致用之学取士,中唐制科出现向儒学化靠拢的变化;杨绾清廉俭朴、淡泊名利的思想境界和价值观,在朝臣中起到了榜样和导向的作用;墓志中有部分内容与新、旧《唐书》等相关史料记载一致,还有包括杨绾的出生时间为唐玄宗开元六年(718年)等许多内容能够补传统文献记载之缺,杨绾兴廉察孝的主张也为解决这一时期中唐科举存废之争问题提供了线索,这些墓志志文多处可与文献互证,对于中唐史事的研究多有裨益。

In order to study YANG Wan, starting with the epitaphs of YANG Wan, this paper studied the official experience, conduct, accomplishment of YANG Wan, cemetery Shao Lingyuan, and the dispute on the existence or abolition of Imperial Examination in Tang Dynasty by using the method of literature analysis to research the epitaphs and literature. The result show that the Epitaph of YANG Wan records in more detail the circumstances of the prime minister＇ s family lineages, life histories,marriages, death funerals and conduct of self-cultivation. YANG Wan and JIA Zhi proposed the malpractice of Gong Ju text and advocated Xiaolian Subject and Litian Subject, leading to the trend of the ideology that talent tend to be applied by the science of the doctrine, which indicates that Imperial Examination system appeared to change closer to Confucianism. The ideological value of YANG Wan＇ s honest, frugal and indifferent to fame and fortune play an exemplary and guiding role in courtiers. There are some contents in the epitaphs that are consistent with the related historical records such as the old and the new Tang books, and many contents can complement the deficiencies documented in the traditional literature, for example, the birth time of YANG Wan was the sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong （718 years）. The proposition of advocating Lianxiao also provided a clue for solving the dispute over the Imperial Examination during this period. which is of great benefit to the study of the history of the middle Tang Dynasty.