我国延长侦查羁押期限制度的反思与调试——以某直辖市近三年延期羁押案件为研究样本

Reflection and Test on Prolonging the System of Custodial Investigation in China——Based on the Research Samples of Custody of Some Municipal City

我国延长侦查羁押期限制度是"保证侦查"和"严控期限"两个相互冲突的价值理念平衡的产物,在制度规定与司法运行方面均存在一定的问题。在制度规定方面《刑事诉讼法》第154条的规定不够严谨周密,逐级层报制度耗费较大的时间成本;在司法运行方面检察机关对提请延期案件的审查把关较为宽松,对逮捕措施正确与否的监督流于虚置,对同案处理的轻罪犯罪嫌疑人一并延期有失公允,忽视对羁押必要性的审查等。数据分析表明现有制度无需大规模改造,司法运行中存在问题需要局部调试,从而真正达到监督侦查、严控期限的立法初衷。

System of custodial investigation in China results from a balance of two conflicting ideas between investigation insurance and strict time limit, and it entails some problems in terms of legal regulation and mechanism of judicial power. Article 154 of the Criminal Procedure Law does not present detailed explanations on the running procedure, and as a result it is time-consuming to report to higher authority one level after another. The prosecuting departments are in the lax control over the proposal of prolonging criminal cases and stay ambivalent about supervision over whether the arrest is right or wrong, resulting in injustice to misdemeanor criminal suspect in the same case and overlook of the necessity of custody. Data analysis shows that current system does not need an overwhelming reform but it calls for partial regulation so as to achieve its original intention of supervision detection and strict control over terms.