长沙市职住关系的测度及城市通勤的影响因素

The Measure of the Job-housing Relationship and the Influence Factors of Urban Commuting in Changsha City

居民居住地与工作地的空间关系是城市空间布局的重要依据。基于问卷调查数据和统计数据,运用居住独立性指数和就业独立性指数作为衡量指标,测度长沙市城区的职住空间关系发现:长沙市雨花区和芙蓉区为高度分离区,开福区和天心区为中度分离区,岳麓区为低度分离区;不同分离区的居民通勤特征有明显差异。从抽样数据的回归分析发现,职住空间错位对于通勤时间的影响显著,其次是人口密度。提高职住平衡程度能够有效地减少平均通勤出行时间和平均通勤距离,提高通勤效率。

The spatial relationship between residence and workplace primarily determines the urban spatial layout. By using the questionnaire survey data and statistical data, adopting measurable index of live independence and employment, this article measures the job-housing relationship. The result shows that yuhua, furong districts are highly separation areas, kaifu district and tianxin district are moderate separation zones, yuelu district is in low separation. Commuting characteristics are significantly different in different separation zone. From the regression analysis of sampling data, it is found that the job-housing mismatch has significant influence on commuting time, it is followed by population density. Increasing the degree of job-housing balance can effectively reduce average commuting time and average commuting distance and improve commuting efficiency.