北京新总规建设用地减量调控的思考与探索

REFLECTIONS AND EXPLORATIONS ON THE DECREMENT REGULATION OF CONSTRUCTION LAND IN THE NEW BEIJING CITY MASTER PLAN

建设用地是规划部门对接国家转型战略的重要抓手。北京新一轮城市总体规划编制中对于建设用地的管理,坚持以资源环境承载力为刚性约束条件,确定人口总量上限,提出了城乡建设用地减量发展总体战略,实现由数量扩张性规划转向质量提升性规划。减量发展,减量是更刚性的底线约束,发展是更科学的资源配置,在总体规划层面,从用地规模、建筑规模、空间边界、城乡结构、用地结构、空间协同为北京长远发展构建了综合调控框架与约束性指标,在实施中建立起以拆占比、拆建比、职住用地比、两线三区为核心的严格管理手段,探索了面向存量、减量总规的建设用地规划管理方法。减量发展是重大改革,规划实施挑战非常大,对于建设用地的实施管理,北京总规在规划管理的方式、土地政策、事权划分、评估监管等方面进行了改革探索。

Construction land in master plan is one of the most important issues for the transform of the national planning strategy. Based on the resources and environmental capacity analysis, the new master plan of Beijing focused on controlling of the population, and put forward the decrement development strategy of urban and rural construction land, to achieve the planning transformation from quantity expansion to quality improvement. In decrement development, the ＂decrement＂ refers to a more rigid bottom line, while the ＂development＂ refers to a more scientific resource allocation. The new master plan built a comprehensive regulatory framework and constraint indicators by controlling the land scale, building scale, spatial boundary, urban and rural structure, land structure, andspatial coordination for the long-term development of Beijing, and established a strict management standard by controlling the demolition ratio, demolition and construction ratio, employment and residential land ratio, ＂two lines and three districts,＂ so as to explore the planning and management approaches of construction land based on the stock- based and decrement development. Decrement development is a major reform, the challenge of which is very big. For the implementation and management of construction land, Beijing master plan explored the ways of planning management, land policy, division of fights and responsibilities, assessment and supervision, etc.