哲学的全部总体性——论恩斯特·布洛赫哲学创作的核心概念与轴心

The Whole Totality of Philosophy——On the Core Concept and Axis of Ernst Bloch's Philosophical Creation

恩斯特·布洛赫的哲学创作从第一次世界大战一直延续到20世纪70年代,前后差不多横跨一个世纪的历程。鉴于布洛赫哲学创作的罕见的广度、深度和高度,我们可以用"哲学的全部总体性"一词来概括他哲学创作的基本方向。布洛赫从趋势概念中导出了开放性、动态性和未来性。在他那里,"希望"是旨在超越并超出现实的一种强烈的愿望。但是,希望的前提条件是"直路",即一种不为任何业已形成的东西所否决的意志。布洛赫对乌托邦理论的创造性贡献体现在两方面:第一,他拓展了乌托邦概念的内涵;第二,他提出了"具体的乌托邦"方案。马克思主义是"具体的乌托邦",是人类翻身解放的一个范例。布洛赫"预先幻想"、"希望的原理"、"一个更美好的生活的梦"等中心思想成了1968年德国学生运动的象征性口号。

Bloch＇s philosophical creation from the First World War lasted until the 1970s, almost across the course of a century. In view of the rare breadth, depth and height of Bloch＇s philosophy, we can use the term ＂the totality of philosophy＂ to summarize the basic direction of his philosophical creation. Bloch derived from the trend of the concept of openness, dynamic and fu- ture. In him, ＂hope＂ is a strong desire to transcend and surpass reality. But the prerequisite for hope is the ＂straight way,＂ a will that is not rejected for anything that has been formed. Bloch＇s creative contribution to the utopian theory is reflected in two aspects. First, he extended the connotation of the concept of utopia; Second, he proposed a ＂specific utopia＂ program. Marxism ＂is a specific utopia＂, is an example of human emancipation. The central idea of Bloch＇s ＂pre -fantasy＂, ＂the principle of hope＂, ＂a dream of a better life＂ became a symbolic slogan of the 1968 German student movement.