祛痰方剂的组方用药规律探析

Analysis on the medication rules of phlegm-expelling formula

结合历代治痰名方的用药配伍特点,对祛痰方剂的组方配伍进行分析,认为祛痰方剂的组成具有以下用药配伍规律:治痰以祛痰药为主,辅以理气药,使气行则湿化,痰浊不生;配以健脾补肾之品,恢复脾肾运化津液功能;痰与津液同源,佐以利水渗湿之药以助祛痰;痰郁易化火生热,配伍清热泻火之品,使痰随热去;痰为阴邪,易伤阳气,参以温里通阳方药,振奋阳气,宣化痰浊;痰瘀常互为因果,配伍活血祛瘀药使痰瘀并治。由于痰浊致病广泛、变幻多端,故治痰方常由多类药物配伍而成,临床应结合具体病证,随症加减,以期取得满意疗效。

To analyze the medication rule of phlegm-expelling formula by combining with the characteristics of phlegm- expelling formula in past dynasties. The medication rule could be attributed as follows： the formula gave priority to expectorants, accompanied with carminative drugs to activate qi flowing for expelling phlegm; combined with drugs of invigorating the spleen and kidney to restore the function of transportation and transformation of fluid; because of the homology of phlegm and fluid, drugs for diuresis and diffusing dampness were usually used for expelling phlegm; phlegm stagnation always produced fire and heat, the compatibility of drugs for clearing heat-fire could clear phlegm-heat; because phlegm damaged the yang qi, warming interior and activating yang formula could elevate yang qi for dissipating phlegm; phlegm and blood stasis always interacted as both cause and effect, so the compatibility of blood-activating and stasis-dispelling drugs was necessary. Due to the complicated and changeable of phlegm-turbidity, the phlegm-expelling formula often composed by many drugs, in order to obtain satisfactory curative effect in clinical practice, drugs should be flexible application combined with specific symptoms.