新中国成立初期的农业技术与山西乡村社会——兼论区域社会史研究的路径问题

Agricultural Technology in the Early Days of the Founding of New China and the Rural Society of Shanxi

新中国成立初期,有些农村自发开展互助合作生产,以弥补土地改革后农业生产中普遍出现的农具不足、技术缺乏等情况。各地各级政府也因势利导将开展改良农业技术、推广新农具等新技术工作与互助合作相结合确定为农业生产新的发展方向。通过对新中国成立初期以＂技术＂发展为特征的典型村庄山西华村的研究,可以发现,＂农业技术＂作为一个学术研究概念反映出农村社会变迁的特征。由此反观30年来中国社会史研究的历程,学术研究概念的提出已成为促进学科理论深化的一个重要方面。＂小概念中的大历史＂促使许多曾经被忽略的研究对象由边缘走到中心,成为深化社会史研究、建构区域社会史的一种重要理论与方法。

In the early days of the founding of New China,mutual assistance and cooperation in production were carried out spontaneously in some rural areas to make up for the shortage of agricultural tools and technology. Governments gave an active response to them. It can be seen that ＂ agricultural technology＂,as a concept of academic research,reflects the characteristics of rural social changes. Reviewing the Chinese social history in the past 30 years,academic concept has become an important part in the development of theory. ＂ Big history in a small concept＂ makes many neglected objects go from edge to center,which has become an important theoretical way of deepening social history and reconstructing social history in a region.