新闻片《上海战争》与“二次革命”——兼论“攻打制造局”史料与电影史建构问题

News Film Shanghai Battle and the “Second Revolution”: Problems for Historical Materials in Constructing Chinese Film History

1913年美国亚细亚影戏公司拍摄的新闻纪录片《上海战争》在程季华等编著的《中国电影发展史》中得到高度评价,认为该片反映了"二次革命"反抗袁世凯专制的斗争过程以及上海戏剧界热情参与的革命精神。虽然《中国电影发展史》的叙述有悖史实,但对革命"宏大叙事"的历史建构含有国际视野,使得亚细亚影戏公司在中国电影史上占有一席之地。近年来,这一最早中外合作的电影公司愈益得到重视,而从海外新发现的资料有助于研究者对这一段中国早期电影史的认识。

In the Developing History of Chinese Cinema by Jihua Cheng, the News Film Shanghai Battle by Asiatic Film Company in 1913 was highly praised for its visualizing anti-despotic spirit in the Second Revolution participated by many drama actors in Shanghai. As seen from abundant information in newspapers and magazines at that time, Shanghai Battle was filmed from the viewpoint of western merchants and foreign settlements in Shanghai, and thus the Second Revolution was condemned. Also according historical records, Beijing opera actors Xia Yuerun, Xia Yueshan and Pan Yueqiao did not join the battle. The Developing History of Chinese Cinema did not represent true history, yet on the other hand it gave credit to Asiatic Film Company due to its cosmopolitan vision. In recent years the Asiatic Film Company has drawn more scholarly attention and its new materials discovered abroad bring us a deeper understanding to early history of Chinese cinema.