喀斯特地区后备水源地水文地质特征及动储量研究——以贵州省杉树河流域为例

Hydrogeological characteristics and dynamic reserves of reserve water source in karst area:a case study on Shanshu River Basin in Guizhou

近年来,随着人口的持续增长,水资源的供需矛盾日益突出,地表水资源越来越短缺。贵州省杉树河地处喀斯特地区,虽然平均降雨量(1210.007 mm)较大,但地表水容易下渗,地表的蓄水能力弱。合理利用地下水资源,对于该流域的居民尤为重要。本研究通过室内文献资料搜集、整理,野外地质与水文调查、综合地理法,利用Arc GIS等相关软件,通过对流域内地下水的水文地质特征分析,计算该区域的需水量为233.12 m^3/d;利用地下径流模数法的动储量为450.662 m^3/d、入渗系数法为563.973 m^3/d。采用入渗系数法计算保证量:当95%的保证率时后备水源地的动储量值为408.706m^3/d;当97%的保证率时后备水源地的动储量值为380.839 m^3/d。综合得出杉树河流域的地下水资源在干旱的时候能满足该流域的人畜饮水需求,并进一步推动岩溶地区的取水方案的完善。

In recent years,with the continuous growth of population,the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become increasingly prominent,and the surface water resources are becoming scarce. Shanshu River in Guizhou is located in the karst area,where the average rainfall is high（ 1210. 007 mm）,yet the water storage capacity of the surface is weak,and surface water is easy to infiltrate. So the rational use of groundwater resources is very important to the inhabitants in the basin. In this study,through literature survey,field geological and hydrological survey,comprehensive geographical approach,use of Arc GIS and other related software,we analyzed the hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater in the basin. The results showed that the water demand in the area was 233. 12 m^3/d,the dynamic reserves calculated by underground runoff module was 450. 662 m^3/d,and that by infiltration coefficient method was 563. 973 m^3/d. The guarantee rate was calculate by infiltration coefficient method： the dynamic reserves of the reserve water source was 408. 706 m^3/d when the guarantee rate was 95 %; the dynamic reserves of the reserve water source was 380. 839 m^3/d when the guarantee rate was 97 %. It is concluded that the groundwater resources of Shanshu River Basin could meet the drinking water demand of human and livestock during the drought. At last,we put forward some advices for the improvement of the water intake scheme in karst areas.