北方用维尼纶苗帘培育海带夏苗的实验研究

Experimental research on summer seedling cultivation of Saccharina japonica using vinylon rope breeding screen in North China

根据南方和北方海带夏苗培育采用苗帘苗绳差异,在山东烟台国家级海带良种场海带育苗基地进行两种夏苗培育工艺的实验研究。在同一个育苗车间内,利用种海带采集游孢子并附苗,跟踪观测维尼纶苗帘和棕绳苗帘对海带育苗期间配子体发育、孢子体(幼苗)生长的影响,并比较两种不同苗帘育苗成本差异。结果显示:相同育苗条件下,维尼纶苗帘采苗后,配子体发育速度、孢子体形成速度显著优于棕绳苗帘上的配子体和孢子体;转化孢子体后,在育苗第15~31天时间内,维尼纶苗帘海带幼苗相对生长速率(RGR)显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗(P<0.05);维尼纶苗帘幼苗经55天培育,幼苗平均长度长至1.53 cm±0.13 cm,达到出库下海暂养规格,此时棕绳帘幼苗平均长度约0.47 cm±0.03cm。至70天,棕绳苗帘幼苗平均长度约1.78 cm±0.19 cm,维尼纶绳苗帘幼苗平均长度达7.87 cm±1.35cm,显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗。采用维尼纶苗帘育苗,每1m3育苗水体育苗量约为60万株,综合育苗成本约为23元/万株,采用棕绳苗帘育苗,每1m^3育苗水体育苗量约40万株,综合育苗成本约为31元/万株。综上所述,北方采用维尼纶帘进行海带育苗在生产上具有可行性,并且可降低生产成本约25.8%。

According to differences in seedling rope used in South and North China,this study was conducted at the State Seed Breeding Farm of Kelp in Yantai using vinylon and palm rope breeding screens in the same workshop.Gamete development and young sporophyte growth were continuously monitored for detecting the difference between the two types of breeding screens.The results indicated that the rates of gamete development and sporophyte growth were significantly faster using the vinylon screen than using the palm screen（P 0.05）.After sporophyte formation,from breeding days 15 to 31,the relative growth rate of sporophytes was significantly higher using the vinylon screen than using the palm screen（P 0.05）.On breeding day 55,the mean length of the sporophytes using the vinylon screen increased to 1.53 cm± 0.13 cm and reached the size to be fostered out of the workshop on the sea,whereas that of the sporophytes using the palm screen only increased to 0.47 cm ± 0.03 cm on an average.When seedling cultivation ended on breeding day 70,the sporophytes on the palm screen increased to 1.78 cm± 0.19 cm on an average,whereas those on the vinylon screen had a mean length of 7.87 cm± 1.35 cm.The general cost for cultivating 10,000 seedlings using the vinylon breeding screen was 23 yuan RMB,with 600 000 seedlings/1-m^3 seawater being produced; in contrast,the general cost for cultivating 10 000 seedlings using the palm breeding screen was 31 yuan RMB,with 400 000 seedlings/1-m^3 seawater being produced.In conclusion,the use of vinylon breeding screens for cultivating summer seedlings of kelp in North China is practical and feasible and can reduce the cost by 25.8%.