不同绿肥种植对宅基地复垦土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Different Green Manure on Soil Fertility of Homestead Reclamation

种植并翻压绿肥是改善土壤质量和保持农村、农业生态环境可持续利用措施之一。以四川某废弃的农村宅基地为对象,研究了翻压紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、光叶苕子(Vicia villosa)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)和红三叶(Trifolium pratense)4种绿肥对复垦土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,4种绿肥翻压后复垦土壤养分较修复前的土壤显著提高,且土壤表层(0~20 cm)养分增幅大于心土层(20~40 cm);随着翻压次数的增加土壤肥力呈上升趋势;紫花苜蓿翻压后土壤表层和心土层有机碳含量的增幅显著高于其余3种,分别为68%和61%;第3次翻压4种绿肥后,两层土壤铵态氮的增幅分别为79%~88%和60%~75%;土壤硝态氮的增幅分别为47%~59%和24%~42%;土壤速效磷的增幅分别为1.1倍~1.6倍和1.2倍~1.7倍;土壤速效钾的增幅分别为22%~28%和23%~29%。因此,4种绿肥均为优质、绿色环保的生物肥源。

Planting and plowing green manures is one of the sustainable use measures to improve soil fertilityand maintain the rural ecological environment. This study investigated the effects of plowing the Medicago sativa, Vicia villosa, Trifolium repens and Trifolium pretense on soil fertility for a discarded homestead reclamation in Siehuan. Results showed that the application of the four green manures could greatly enhance the soil fertility. Besides, the increase of nutrients in the topsoil （0 -20cm） is higher than that of the subsoil （20 - 40em）, soil fertility increased with the increasing time of plowing, the plowing of Medicago sativa increased the organic carbon content of topsoil and subsoil, the increasing rate of organic carbon in two soil layers were 68% and 61%, respectively, and significantly higher than those by the other three green manures. After the third time plowing, the ammo- nium nitrogen in two soil layers were increased by 79% - 88% and 60% -75% , respectively, the nitrate nitrogen were in- creased by 47% - 59% and 24% - 42% , respectively, the available phosphorus were increased by 1.1 - 1.6 times and 1.2 - 1.7 times, respectively, and available potassium were increased by 22% - 28% and 23% - 29% respectively. Therefore, the four kinds of green manures are high quality and environmentally bio - fertilizer sources.