中国西秦岭地区油橄榄花期物候及花粉扫描电镜观察

Flowering Phenology in Olive and SEM Scanning on Pollen in West Mountain Qinling

对中国地处北亚热带西秦岭南坡白龙江河谷地4个油橄榄品种的开花进程、不完全花和两性花形态指标进行了研究。结果表明:(1)油橄榄花是合瓣花,在北亚热带北部内陆气候中,开花集中在5月份。(2)在花器官形态建成过程中,两性花雌蕊大小与整个花的大小有一定的相关性(R2=0.551)。不完全花中雄蕊正常,雌蕊败育,而且其雌蕊败育的程度与花朵发育程度并没有相关性(R2=0.028)。(3)对4个品种两性花和不完全花粉粒电镜观察发现,各品种间两性花与不完全花在花粉的形态、大小、外壁纹饰上并无显著差异。

The flowering phenology and floral organ characteristics of 4 olive varietiesin Bailonghe valley in the north subtropical China were studied in this paper. The results showed that：（ 1） The olive usually blossomed in May in north subtropical and its flower wasgamopetalous.（ 2） The correlation between the size of the pistil and the whole flowerswas certain（ R2= 0. 551） during flower morphogenesis. The pistil of the staminate flowers was sterile and there was no correlation（ R2= 0. 028） between the degree of its pistil failure and flower development.（ 3） There was no significant difference in the morphology,the size,and the exterior ornamentation of 4 varieties by SEM observation.