1947年旅大问题与苏联的“双轨”策略

The Soviet Union “Double Track” Strategy and the Lv Shun and Da Lian Issue in 1947

1947年初,旅大问题再度吸引了美苏国共的高度关注。莫斯科根本无意将旅大行政权交给国民政府接收,但为应对美蒋的压力,采取了一种"双轨"策略:即,一面同美蒋在外交层面周旋,一面授意驻旅大苏军"扶共拒蒋",借助中共力量阻挠接收,实现了对旅大的控制。国民政府既无能力、也无意愿立即接收旅大,却没有太多选择余地。期间,驻旅大苏军的做法,在中共党内引起了分歧与不满。新近解密的多方档案与文献,揭示了1947年美苏国共就旅大问题的互动过程。苏联的应对策略及产生的影响,值得关注。

At the beginning of 1947, the issue of Lv Shun and Da Lian again attracted the attention of the U.S., the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang （KMT） and the Communist Party of China（CPC）. Moscow did not intend to give the executive power of Lv Shun and Da Lian to the national government, but in order to respond to pressures from the United States and Chiang Kai Shek, it adopted a ＂two-track＂ strategy, that is, to contend with the United States and Chiang at the diplomatic level on one hand and to support the Soviet troops in Lv Shun and Da Lian to ＂help the CPC and refuse Chiang＂ aiming at controlling Lv Shun and Da Lian with the help of the CPC. The National Government had neither the capacity nor the willingness to receive the Lv Shun and Da Lian immediately, but actually it did not have any other alternatives. During that period, what the Soviet troops did in Lv Shun and Da Lian caused differences and dissatisfaction within the CPC. The recently-decrypted archives and literature from various parts revealed the interaction among the U.S., the Soviet Union, the KMT and the CPC. The Soviet Union＇s countermeasures and its impacts deserve attention.