四川地区明至清建筑结构和风格演变原因分析

An Analysis on Changes of Architectural Structure and Styles during the Ming and Qing Periods in Sichuan

四川地区的传统建筑大木结构和风格在明末清初发生了变化。究其原因,是长期战乱导致经济凋敝、材料匮乏。由于建筑材料的不足,原来明代用材较大的抬梁式大木构架逐渐演变为抬梁穿斗混合式大木构架,而大木构架的变化引起建筑装修、装饰的变化,加上移民建筑文化因素的注入,使得清代的四川地区的建筑呈现建筑文化元素的多样性。

As being the typical tradition in Sichuan, the structure and style of damu （大木）wooden architecture had changed during the transition from the Ming to Qing period. The economic crisis caused by the long-term warfare and lack of materials were the major leading factor. Because of the insufficient supply of materials, the original tailiangshi damu （抬梁式大木）wooden structure, which consumed more wood materials and was popular during the Ming period, was replaced by the hybrid form of damu （大木）wooden structure combining the tailian（抬梁）and chuandou （穿斗） style. Consequently, architectural decorations were changed according to the new wooden structure. Moreover, the migration during the Qing Dynasty added new elements to the architectural elements and eventually enhanced the diversity of architectural culture in Sichuan.