来自“蛮族”的饮器——再议新疆所见磨面纹玻璃杯

Research on Faceted-cut Glass Beakers in Xinjiang

长期以来,对新疆营盘和扎滚鲁克墓地发现的3件磨面纹玻璃杯的产地的认识以罗马或萨珊为主,本文即尝试对它们的来源进行重新考察。对罗马和萨珊的典型磨面纹玻璃器的仔细勾稽排除了上述任一可能,而新疆玻璃杯与Hans Jürgen Eggers所定义的223,226或228等3型存在诸多相似性则表明它们应属欧洲"蛮族"玻璃,其具体产地很可能在黑海北岸地区。它们既可由罗马玻璃料加工成型,亦可在罗马成品玻璃器上直接再造而成;后一种可能性从扎滚鲁克玻璃杯上所呈现的人为改造迹象上略见端倪。此外,本文还根据其前身Varpelev类型和后继E 230类型的年代范围推断此3型玻璃杯的时间框架大致为公元3世纪中期至4世纪中期。

This study is an attempt to re-examine the provenance of three facet-cut glass beakers uncovered from the Yingpan and Zagunluk cemeteries in Xinjiang, which have long been regarded as objects from the Roman Empire or the Sasanian region. The author argues that, through a careful examination of the quintessential facet-cut glass objects from the two technological traditions mentioned above, it is by no means clear that these objects might have been originated from these two sources. Rather, a comparative study with a small group of vessels belonging to the glass types 223,226 or 228 defined by Hans Jtirgen Eggers indicates the origin of Xinjiang beakers might have been from the so-called ＇Lands of the barbarians＇, most likely somewhere around the northern part of the Black Sea. They could have been locally made by using Roman raw glass or even through re-working Roman-blanks or finished products; the latter possibility could be supported by the case of deliberate alteration that appeared on a Zagunluk cup. Considering the date of these objects, the author suggests a time flame from the second half of the 3rd century AD to the first half of the 4th century AD for the chronology of these objects according to the dates of Varpelev type preceding these three objects and the successive E 230 type.