丝绸之路上的中亚玻璃器——兼论中亚玻璃器向中国、朝鲜半岛和日本之传播

Central Asian Glassware on the Ancient Silk Roads and Its Spread to China, Korean Peninsula and Japan

1970年,西安南郊何家村唐代窖藏出土了一件凸环纹玻璃碗,目前研究者多以为是来自伊朗高原的萨珊玻璃器。据我们考证,这件玻璃碗当为唐武德二年(619年)中亚罽宾国贡品之一。这件玻璃碗化学成分为中亚植物灰玻璃,有助于说明这一点。此外,丝绸之路沿线遗址多次发现凸环纹玻璃器,如新疆皮山县木吉乡塔古寨遗址、新疆库木吐拉千佛洞壁画、韩国漆谷郡松林寺统一新罗塔基,以及日本奈良正仓院均有发现,以前一直误以为是萨珊玻璃器。本文将以何家村唐代窖藏出土凸环纹玻璃碗为切入点,探讨中亚玻璃器如何沿丝绸之路传入塔里木盆地、黄河流域、朝鲜半岛和海东日本。

In 1970, a glass bowl with ring-shaped reliefs was unearthed from the Tang period treasure hoard of Hejiacun in the southern suburbs of Xi＇an. Many scholars believe that this bowl was originally a Sasanian glassware from Iran. The present research argues that this bowl was one of the tributes from the Kapi^a Kingdom in 619 AD. Results of a scientific test show that the object was made of plant-ash glass. Similar glass bowls have been discovered from many archaeological sites along the Silk Roads, including the Tagujai site at the Moji village in Khotan, the Thousand-Buddha cave of Kumtura at Kuche in Xinjiang, the Pinehill stupa of the Unified Silla Kingdom in Chilgok-Gun of Korea, and the Shosoin of Nara in Japan. All these glasswares has been erroneously suggested as imports from the Sasanian Empire. This research instead argues that these glassware were imported from Central Asia to the Tarim Basin and then to the Yellow River valley, Korea, and Japan.