客家二次葬俗研究——基于江西省龙南县岭下村二次墓葬群的发现与思考

A Study on the Twice Burial Custom of Hakka——Based on the Discovery and Thinking of the Second Tomb Groups of Lingxia Village in Longnan County of Jiangxi Province

2011年3月,在江西省龙南县岭下村发现了一处墓葬群,两个土坑墓各自埋藏着数十个排列整齐而盛装着骨殖的陶坛,是客家地区典型的二次葬。二次葬俗在客家地区相当盛行,千年不衰,为了寻得甚至争夺好风水,引发了停柩不葬、买坟盗葬、风水诉讼、宗族械斗等一系列的社会问题。政府试图加强地方社会的治理,移风易俗,施行限禁和教化政策,但收效甚微。除开表面的风水信仰和自然环境等因素外,祖先崇拜意识、神鬼有灵观念和现实功用考量是客家地区盛行二次葬俗的内在动因。

In March 2011, a burial group was found in Lingxia Village of Longnan County in Jiangxi Province. Dozens of neatly arranged pottery jars filling with skeletal remains were found buried in two pit tombs,which showed the typical characters of twice burial in hakka districts. The twice burial custom was quite popular in the Hakka districts and lasted millennium popularity. Because finding and competing for good geomantic omen, a series of social problems such as no burial but keeping the corpse, grave buying and robbery, geomantic omen litigation and clan fights were triggered.The government tried to strengthen the governance of local society by tranaforming social traditions and implementing restrictions and enlightenment policy, but ended in little success. In addition to the geomantic omen beliefs and the natural environment and other factors, the ancestral worship consciousness, the concept of the ghosts spirit and the practical function of consideration became the the inner motivation of twice burial custom prevailing in Hakka districts.