广东省不同区域成年居民饮水习惯比较分析

Comparative analysis of water consumption habits among adult residents in different regions of Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省不同区域成年居民每天饮水量、饮水类型及其影响因素,为制定区域性饮水暴露参数积累基础数据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取广东省14个地级市年满18岁的成年居民,以标准量具结合问卷调查的方式获得调查对象的基本信息、饮水习惯、健康状况等信息,采用单因素和多因素分析方法进行影响因素分析。结果共调查成年居民3 441人,调查对象总饮水量、直接饮水量、主要间接饮水量均值分别为1 841、1 208、633 mL/d。直接饮水类型从高到低依次为白水(827 mL/d)、茶水(359 mL/d)、饮料(19 mL/d)、咖啡(3 ml/d),主要间接饮水类型为主食含水(479 mL/d)、汤含水(154 mL/d)。按居住区域划分,总饮水量均值从高到低依次为粤西(1 935 mL/d)、珠三角(1 902 mL/d)、粤东(1 827 mL/d)、粤北(1 700 mL/d),直接饮水量均值从高到低依次为珠三角(1 372 mL/d)、粤西(1 124 ml/d)、粤北(1 106 mL/d)、粤东(1 098mL/d),主要间接饮水量均值从高到低依次为粤西(811 mL/d)、粤东(729 mL/d)、粤北(594 mL/d)、珠三角(530 mL/d),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,除受地域因素影响外,性别、年龄、文化程度、BMI、血压等因素均影响居民饮水量和饮水类型。结论广东省内不同区域居民饮水量及饮水类型存在差异,宜采用有地域特征的饮水暴露参数进行饮水健康风险评估。

Objective To investigate the daily water intake, types of drinking water and the influ- encing factors among adult residents in different regions of Guangdong Province （ GP）, so as to accumulate basic data for developing regional drinking water exposure parameters. Methods Residents aged 18 years and above were selected from 14 prefectural cities in GP by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. The data of general information, drinking habits and physical conditions were collected by ques- tionnaire survey or by using measuring instruments. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results A total of 3 441 residents were surveyed. The average consumption amounts of total, direct and main indirect drinking water were 1 841, 1 208, and 633 mL/d, respectively. The av- erage consumption amounts of direct drinking water from high to low were plain water （827 mL/d）, tea （359 mL/d）, beverage （19 mL/d）, and coffee （3 mL/d）. The average consumption amounts of main in- direct water included water in staple food （479 mL/d） and water in soup （154 mL/d）. According to the residential areas, the average volume of total water intake from high to low were western GP （ 1 935 mL/d） , Pearl River delta region （ 1 902 mL/d） , eastern GP （ 1 827 mL/d） and northern GP （ 1 700 mL/d）. The average volume of direct water intake from high to low were Pearl River delta region （ 1 372 mL/d）, western GP （ 1 124 mL/d）, northern GP （ 1 106 mL/d）, and eastern GP （ 1 098mL/d）. While the average volume of indirect water intake from high to low were western GP （ 811 mL/d ）, eastern GP （729 mL/d）, northern GP （594mL/d）, and Pearl River delta region （530mL/d） （all P 〈 0.01 ）. Multi- variate logistic regression showed except for the regional difference, gender, age, education level, BMI, and blood pressure were factors influencing consumption habits of water intake. Conclusion The regional difference was an important factor influencing daily water consumption of adult residents in GP. Health risk assessment for drinking water should be conducted by using regional characteristics of drinking water expo- sure parameters.