错金银抱鱼铜带钩的年代与内涵

Time and Connotation of the Gold-Silver-Inlaid Bronze Belt Hook in the Shape of an Immortal Holding a Fish

错金银抱鱼铜带钩形制独特,构思新颖,制作精美,堪称铜器铸造工艺的经典之作。在全面收集此类带钩的基础之上,笔者通过对其材质、工艺、形制、铭文和图像等方面进行细致的观察与分析,认为它们源自同一带钩铸造传统,甚至可能是出自同一作坊。再根据有出土背景的材料进行推断,认为这类带钩的制作年代大致在三国时期,而不是以往学术界所说的两汉时期。仅少数带钩的使用年代延续到了西晋。整个带钩的造型为神人抱鱼主题,其图像来源于湖南、湖北一带的早期艺术题材。这类带钩出土范围的集中性也暗示,其构思可能源自古代三苗先民的祖先神。铭文内容则进一步显示,其整体寓意可能是佩戴者希望通过某种神奇的魔力以达到骁勇善战的心愿。总之,此类带钩虽然流行时间较短,但是分布范围较广,是三国西晋时期中高级武将身份的象征。

The gold-silver-inlaid bronze belt hook in the shape of an immortal holding a fish is an exquisite masterpiece of casted bronze for its special shape, innovative design and perfect technology. Through sorting a large number of such belt hooks and analyzing their materials, technology, shapes, inscriptions and designs, the current author believes that they might originate from the same manufacture tradition, or even from the same workshop. In addition, according to the excavated objects, it can be inferred that the belt hooks of this type should be produced in the Three Kingdoms rather than the Western and Eastern Han dynasties as the former opinion in the academic circle. Only a few belt hooks were used until the Western Jin dynasty. The motif of the belt hooks is an immortal holding a fish, which may come from the early artistic themes prevailing in today＇s Hunan and Hubei regions. Besides, the concentrated excavation sites of the belt hooks also indicate the design is probably related to the Three Miao people＇s ancestral god. Furthermore, the inscriptions reveal that people desire to get some magic power and to be brave and battle-wise by wearing the belt hooks. In a word, though the belt hooks of this type were only prevailing in a very short period, they were widely distributed as the symbol of the military officers of middle and high rankings during the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin dynasty.