小儿哮喘主要照顾者的负担现状及护理知识需求情况调查

The Current Situation of the Primary Caregivers of Children With Asthma and the Survey of Nursing Knowledge Demand

目的研究小儿哮喘主要照顾者的负担现状及其对护理知识的需求情况。方法选取小儿哮喘患者主要照顾者96名。采用对照顾者负担问卷(CBI)调查负担现状,并分析其对相关护理知识的需求情况。结果 (1)照顾负担总分为(55.11±10.49)分,处于中上水平,各条目得分为照顾者时间依赖性负荷(30.77±1.65)分、发展受限性负荷(28.41±1.22)分、生理性负荷(24.35±3.78)分、情感性负荷(19.98±2.76)分、社交性负荷(10.76±1.98)分;(2)随着文化程度和收入水平的升高,照顾者的负担程度降低(P=0.001、0.001);(3)主要照顾者护理需求主要集中在心理疏导68名(70.83%)、健康生活方式的养成39名(40.63%)、鉴别发病症状32名(33.33%)、正确用药方法 23名(23.96%)。结论小儿哮喘家庭照顾者负担水平及压力水平相对较高,尤其是低收入群体和文化程度较低的照顾者,应鼓励照顾者及时学习相关的护理知识,缓解照顾压力。

Objective To study the current situation of the primary caregivers of children with asthma and their demand for nursing knowledge. Methods A total of 96 the primary caregivers ofchildren with pediatric asthma were enrolled by random sampling method, andtheircurrent situationwereresearchedby Caregivers Burden Inventory（CBI） and the demands for related nursing knowledge were analyzed. Results（1）Care burden score was（55.11±10.49） points, caregivers time dependence load was（30.77±1.65） points, development limited load was（28.41±1.22） points, physiological load was（24.35±3.78） points, the emotional load was（19.98±2.76） points, social load was（10.76±1.98） points;（2） With the education degree and income levels increased, the burden of care scores were reduced（P=0.001, 0.001）;（3）Intensive care needs of the primary caregivers were the primary caregivers（n=68, 70.83%）,develop a healthy lifestyle（n=39, 40.63%）, identification of symptoms（n=32, 33.33%） and Proper use of medicine（n=23, 23.96%）. Conclusion Pediatric asthma family caregiver burden and pressure level is relatively high, especially with low levels of low-income groups and cultural caregivers, caregiversshould be encouraged to study in time related nursing knowledge, alleviate the pressure of the care.