中国农业科学院植物营养与肥料研究60年

History of plant nutrition and fertilizer research in China

中国农业科学院植物营养与肥料研究经历了60年的发展历程。按照研究的重点,可大致可分为四个阶段,第一阶段为1980年之前的单一肥料肥效研究阶段,该阶段主要研究单一养分的肥料效应,为我国化学肥料工业发展提供了依据;第二个阶段是1980年至1990年,该阶段主要研究了氮磷钾营养元素的配合肥效与主要配合方式,为我国复合肥料的引进和发展提供了理论基础;第三阶段是1990年至2000年,该阶段主要进行平衡施肥技术研究,同时研究了中微量元素的肥料效应;2000年以后是第四阶段,该阶段可称为养分综合管理阶段,该阶段重点研究了精准施肥技术、测土配方施肥支撑技术、施肥与环境、新型肥料及节肥增效关键技术等,这些研究为保证我国粮食安全作出了重大贡献。

The researches of plant nutrition and fertilizer have gone through 60 years＇ development,with fruitful achievements since the foundation of Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The researches could be divided into four periods,according to the research focus.Before 1980 was the period of mono-nutrient effects.During that period,the effects of N,P and K fertilizers were tested individually,which laid a foundation for the fertilizer industry in China.From 1980 to 1990,it came into the second period,when the combined application of N,P and K fertilizers and the combining ways had been concerned in most researches.The achievements provided important support for the importing and introducing of compound fertilizers in China.From 1990 to 2000 belonged to the third period,when was characterized by balanced fertilization researches,and the effects of micronutrients in the main crops as well.Since 2000,the researches come into the forth or present period,which could be named comprehensive nutrient managements.The typical researches include precession agriculture,soil testing and nutrient recommendation,fertilization and environmental safety,new type fertilizers and the key techniques for value-added fertilizers.All the researches played important roles for guarantee of the grain supply safety of China.