我国生物肥料研究与应用进展

Advances in biofertilizer research and development in China

我国生物肥料研究始于20世纪50年代,最初只有提供有效氮、磷、钾元素的细菌肥料。经过60年的发展,逐步成为拥有11类产品,年产1000万吨生物肥料的庞大产业体系。本文从四方面对近10年我国生物肥料研究、应用以及产业发展取得的成就进行了简要总结,以期为其今后研究和创新发展提供借鉴。1)介绍了根瘤菌、联合固氮菌、溶磷菌、解钾菌和促生菌高效菌种资源筛选、应用效果、关键技术问题与重点突破方向;2)总结了不同类型生物肥料包括微生物菌剂、生物有机肥料、有机无机生物复合肥的应用效果;3)分析了生物肥料发展中存在的问题以及市场规模;4)对我国生物肥料发展趋势进行了展望。

The study and application of biofertilizers started in 1950 s in China.The very early biofertilizer researches were mainly focused on N-fixation bacteria,P-solubilizing bacteria and K-decomposing bacteria,with the purpose of providing more nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium.After 60 years＇ development,biofertilizer has grown to a enormous industry in China,possessing more than 1000 manufacturing enterprises and containing 11 kinds of products,of which multi-functional strains account for a large proportion.In this paper,the scientific research,agricultural application and industrial development of biofertilizer in the recent 10 years of China were reviewed from the following four aspects,that will be useful for reference of biofertilizer research and development in near future.1） Briefly introducing the isolation,inoculum effects and main problems existed in rhizobium,associative N-fixation,P-solubilizing,K-decomposing,and plant growth promoting microbes;2） Reviewing the application efficacy of inoculant,bioorganic fertilizer and compound biofertilizer;3） Analyzing the development obstacles and market scale of biofertilizer industry;4） Outlooking some development trends of biofertilizers.