21世纪海上丝绸之路:非传统安全问题及其合作安排

21st Century Maritime Silk Road:Non-traditional Security Issues and Cooperative Arrangements

非传统安全问题因其诱因多样隐蔽性、破坏力影响广泛外溢性、应对机制综合性和公共产品性等特点,对主体间达成非传统安全合作兼具积极与消极作用。21世纪海上丝绸之路囊括中国-印度洋-非洲-地中海、中国-大洋洲-南太平洋和经北冰洋连接欧洲的三条蓝色经济通道,在推进过程中,面临海盗和海上恐怖主义、海洋自然灾害和生态恶化、区域金融危机、非法移民和毒品走私等非传统安全问题的威胁。在安排松散、覆盖地域广阔的海上丝路规划战略下,要寻求建立应对非传统安全威胁的务实合作机制与安排,需要协调好主导化和多元化、自治化和国际化、多重主体和社会力量参与三大基础问题。沿线相关国家应从战略高度加强政治互信,实现经济联系和安全合作相互促进,注重发展双边-多边机制并存、政府-社会力量多层参与、法律权利-责任不断明晰的非传统安全合作安排。

Non-traditional security issues have many features： the causes appear to be various and hidden; the impacts usually extend to other areas and fields; the mechanism for dealing with those issues is a kind of public goods and requires comprehensive cooperation. These three aforementioned features can impose both positive and negative effects on the formation of security cooperation mechanism. In line with the priorities of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road,ocean cooperation will focus on building three Blue Economic Passages： China-Indian Ocean-Africa-Mediterranean Sea,China-Oceania-South Pacific,and via the Arctic Ocean to Europe. While,nontraditional security issues,especially pirates and maritime terrorism,natural disasters and ecological degradation,regional financial crises,illegal immigration and drug trafficking seem to be the most prominent ones that we will encounter. The strategic plan has been loose and broad so far. In order to establish more pragmatic cooperation arrangements,it is necessary to properly handle three basic problems： domination and diversification,autonomy and internationalization,and participation by various parties and social forces. Countries along the Maritime Silk Road should develop a high level of political and strategic mutual trust in the interests of all parties to build nontraditional security cooperation arrangements that attach great importance to both bi-and multilateral mechanisms,participation of both governments and social communities,and laws and regulations with clear-cut rights and responsibilities for all participants involved.