战后东亚秩序中国际法结构的法理学批判——以“片面媾和”与“土地移交”协议为视点

Jurisprudential Criticism on the Structure of International Law in the Order of East Asia after World War Ⅱ——From the Perspective of “One-sided Peace” and “Land Transfer”

国际秩序在现实主义政治体系中是由权力奠定的,但现实主义国际体系的不稳定性就在于权力的不稳定性,因而通过国际法缔结形成的结构能更稳定地维持这种秩序,并维护这种秩序中包含的国家利益和成果。二战后东亚地区秩序的演变是通过"片面对日媾和行为"进行的,并以对和平初约、国际强行法和国际法普遍准则违背的方式完成的。而日美双边安排的"土地移交"三个协议中,同样是根据双边无效条款进行的,产生了非法情形和关于琉球等土地权利的非法现状。通过对媾和行为、移交土地协议中存在于"缔约权""缔约客体""约定效力"等几个方面合法性缺陷的法理学分析论证,确认此种国际秩序为非法行为的结果,系非法的现状。从国际法角度对战后地区秩序结构化分析并进行解构,还原合法结构和面貌,既是一种利益立场的合理表达方式,又是一种地区国际关系中软实力博弈的新方法和视角。

The international order is laid out by power in the political system of realism,but the instability of the realist international system lies in the instability of power,and thus the structure formed through the conclusion of international law can maintain this order more stably,in which the national interests and outcomes can also be preserved. The evolution of the order of East Asia after World War Ⅱ was carried out through ＂one-sided peace＂and completed in a manner that violated the preliminary peace treaty,the imperative and the general norms of international law. The three agreements on ＂land transfer＂between Japan and the United States,were also based on bilateral invalid terms,resulting in illegal situations and the illegal status quo of Ryukyu and other land rights.Through the jurisprudential analysis of the defects in ＂covenanting rights＂,＂contracting object＂,＂contractual effect＂and so on in the agreements,the result of the international order is confirmed as an illegal act and illegal status quo. It is not only a reasonable expression of interest position,but also a new method and perspective of soft power game in regional international relations from a structural analysis and deconstruction of international law in postwar regional order.