旅游对民族社区居民民族认同影响测量及其社区对比

A Survey on Impact of Tourism to Residents' Ethnic Identity of Ethnic Community and Its Community Comparison

在分析旅游对民族社区居民民族认同形成机制并构建影响测量量表的基础上,以贵州省上郎德苗寨、西江苗寨、天龙屯堡和镇山布依寨为典型民族旅游社区,基于民族认同形成状态差异的视角,对旅游发展影响下的不同类型民族旅游社区居民民族认同程度进行测量分析与对比研究.结果表明受民族旅游发展影响的本民族社区居民族群感情及其民族心理的趋同化程度,将再次激发社区居民对自身民族知觉、身份、态度与行为的民族认同探求和民族认同承诺.旅游对复兴初期家庭主导型镇山布依寨、发展期社区主导型上郎德苗寨、停滞期企业主导型天龙屯堡和巩固期政府主导型西江苗寨居民民族认同影响类型依次划分为认同分散、认同排斥、认同延缓和认同获得.

Taking the typical ethnic tourism communities as Shanglangde Miao Village,Xijiang Miao Village,Tianlong Tunpu and Zhenshan Buyi Village in Guizhou,on the basis of analyzing the forming mechanism of tourism to residents’ ethnic identity of ethnic community and constructing measurement scale,the residents’ ethnic identity of different ethnic tourism communities have been analyzed and compared under the influence of tourism development based on the difference of ethnic identity.The results show that,1）The convergence degree of ethnic emotion and psychology of ethnic groups affected by the development of ethnic tourism will stimulate community residents themselves to explore ethnic identity and status and attitude and behaviors;2）The types of residents’ethnic identity of Shanglangde Miao Village,Xijiang Miao Village,Tianlong Tunpu and Zhenshan Buyi Village are divided into dispersing identity and rejecting identity and delaying identity and obtaining identity.