旅游发展下宏村镇空间景观形态变化研究

Landscape Morphological Changes of Hongcun Town in Tourism Development

宏村作为徽州传统村镇的典型代表,2000年被评为世界文化遗产以来,旅游开发使村镇建筑、景观环境、居民生活方式不断改变。该文以宏村镇的空间景观结构和社会因素为研究对象,分析两者的关系以及在空间景观形态变化过程中所起到的作用。得到以下几点结论:(1)宏村镇主要空间景观的变化发生于宏村村外,在与宏村一河之隔的际村周边,宏村古村落内基本无变化。(2)旅游业发展导致村镇建筑由居住环境向旅游设施环境的转变,村镇由以农业为主导的农村向多元化发展。(3)村民意识转变、外来人口流入、政府政策干预、景区开发商发展策略等利益相关群体相互制约,对村镇空间景观形态变化起决定性的作用。

As a typical representative of the traditional villages and towns in Huizhou, Hongcun Town was appraised as the World Cultural Heritage in 2000. Ever since, changes have constantly taken place on its architecture, landscape environment and resident life style. In this paper, we choose the spatial landscape structure and social factors of Hongcun Town as the objectives of the study. Based on the analysis of the relationships between the two and their roles played in the process of spatial landscape morphological changes, we have drawn the main conclusions as follows①The main changes of the spatial landscape of Hongcun Town have been found just in Jicun which lies on the other side of the river instead of the ancient village of Hongcun Town itself.②The development of tourism leads to the transformation of village buildings from being living shelters to tourism facilities, as well as from being the agricultural-leading rural area to the diversified development district.③A decisive role in the changes of spatial landscape form has been played by the change of villagers＇ awareness, the migration of other population, the intervention of government policy, the development strategy of scenic area developers and other stakeholder groups restricting each other.