自治抑或协防:上海工部局治理绑架犯罪的困境(1927—1931)

Self-Government or Cooperation Defense:the Kidnap Governing Dilemma of Shanghai Municipal Council (1927—1931)

近代上海"五方杂处","华洋混居"。城市犯罪在多种政治势力的交织中滋生,绑架犯罪颇为猖獗。上海工部局在治理绑架犯罪时,积极推进警政改革和捕房纪律整顿,以市政自治维护租界秩序,亦尝试与租界华人团体和上海市政府合作,加强秩序协防,但由于各自的动机、目标和理念的差异,各方互相猜忌和指责,使治理绑架犯罪的效率和效益始终没有取得令人满意的结果。面对上海公共租界绑架犯罪日盛,华人居民安全感降低,工部局指责华界社会"不合作",华人抨击工部局"无能",华界政府的协防也因不符合租界市政自治被工部局摈弃,"合作"消逝而转为"冲突"。上海工部局陷于自治抑或协防的困境之中。

The modern Shanghai was Chinese-Foreign mixed and attracted different people all over the country.Urban crimes were breeding in variety of political forces mixed,especially kidnapping.Shanghai Municipal Council not only actively promoted police reform and rectified police discipline in the treatment of kidnapping,to maintain the Settlement order by self-government,but also tried to cooperate with the Shanghai Special Government to strengthen cooperation defense.However,they produced mutual suspicion and accusations for different motives,goals and ideas,so that the effective and efficient measures of anti-kidnapping crimes were failed.