如何救孩子——《蒙师箴言》与清末童蒙之教

Saving Children: Admonitions for Elementary School Teachers and the Rudimentary Education in the Late Qing

"学"之变迁为中国近代社会新陈代谢中最值得重视的一个"大转型",在此"大转型"过程里中国传统的蒙学体系在受到西潮冲击后急剧动摇,特别是各种类型的"塾"在趋新士人的言论中渐渐沦为贻害幼童、阻滞教育、妨碍富强的"洪水猛兽"。在此背景下,本文聚焦于1903年一个江南趋新士人方浏生编写的、用于训导蒙师的小册子《蒙师箴言》,考察其作者、版本与流传情况,分析其基本内容与"借资来源",并通过此书来讨论清末童蒙之教转型的得失与矛盾。

Changesin education in the historic creation of the modern China constituted a great transformation worthy of furthered discussions.The traditional mengxue,or the rudimentary education,was shaken by the Western thoughts.Consequently,conventional shu,orprivate Confucian schools,were denounced as something harmful to children among people in favor of the Western education.Setting the study in such a historical context,the present author investigates the authorship,editions,circulation,contents and origins of the1903 Mengshi zhenyan(Admonitions for elementary school teachers)penned by the reform-minded Fang Liusheng.In doing so,the gains and losses and contradictions of the late Qing’s rudimentary education will be preliminarily reexamined.