20世纪50年代美国劳工话语及形象的海外传播

The Overseas Dissemination of American Labor Discourse and Its Image in the 1950s

劳工话语在美国冷战话语体系中占据着重要地位。马歇尔计划出台后,美国政府逐渐构建了一张与国内劳工组织合作的国际宣传网络;至20世纪50年代末,海外劳工宣传政策臻至完善。在实际宣传中,美国政府向海外受众展现了一幅美国工人过着"自由""富足"生活的"人民资本家"形象,强调他们是"美国梦"的践行者。这种劳工修辞无视战后美国劳资冲突和阶级对立的现实,因而是一种自我缔造的阶级神话,本身存在着重大缺陷。它反映了美国赢得冷战胜利与追求海外身份认同的双重企图。

After introducing the Marshall Plan,the U.S.government gradually built an international propaganda network with domestic labor organization,and the overseas labor propaganda policy reached a perfect condition by the end of the 1950s.In the actual propaganda,the U.S.government showed to overseas audience the"people’s capitalist"images of American workers who lived a"free"and"rich"life,and emphasized that they were the practitioners of the"American dream".The labor rhetoric ignored the reality of the postwar American labor-management conflicts and class antagonisms,so it was a kind of selfcreating class myths with a major defect itself.It reflected the U.S.government’s dual intention to win the cold war and pursue its overseas identity.