定期租船合同下还船日期及相关问题研究——以完善《海商法》第143条为视角

Study on the redelivery date of time charter——focusing on the improvement of Article 143 of Maritime Code of the People's Repbulic of China

《中华人民共和国海商法》第143条对还船日期的规定有不完善的地方,也有尚未规定的地方。借鉴英国海商法的相关规定,应给予定期租船合同宽限期,并依据定期租船合同租期的长短裁定宽限期。明确承租人给出合法最后航次指示的义务以及在租期结束时的还船义务。提前还船时,应考虑已经发生的事实对承租人拒绝履行的原定期租船合同租期的影响,计算原定期租船合同租金与出租人对于剩余租期合理减损行为所避免的损失的差额来确定出租人的损失。超期还船时,应依据原定期租船合同与市场租金,即市场上与原定期租船合同相类似的定期租船合同租金的差额来确定出租人的损失,除此以外的出租人的损失不应计算在内。

Concerning redelivery date,Article 143 of Maritime Code of the People＇s Repbulic of China does not cover some key questions and still has some shortcomings. Learning from the maritime law of UK,we should provide for the allowance of duration of time charter and clearly stipulate for the duty of charters to give notice of a legitimate last voyage and redeliver the ship at the end of the charter period. In the case of early redelivery,the measure of damages is the difference between the hire which would have been earned until contractual redelivery,considering the effect of contingency after breach on the duration of original time charter,and the hire which was in fact earned,based on the reasonable act of shipowner to mitigate his loss. For late redelivery,the measure of damages is the difference between the charter hire and market hire,which is the hire ruling on the market for time charters of a length similar to the breached time charter,and any additional loss of the shipowner shall not be included.