苏轼与“离铅坎汞”说

SU Shi and the Theory of “Liqian and Kangong”

苏轼与朱熹在龙虎铅汞说中提出了龙汞与坎肾相关联,虎铅与离心相关联这种迥然相异于道教通行的结合。从苏轼算起,在近千年的历史长河中没有一个学者对他们的这种组合发表过意见。本文正是有感于此而力求探明苏轼与朱熹这种说法所具有的根据和意义。道教经典《周易参同契》与《悟真篇》都一致认为木火为一家,金水为一家,原因之一在于道教的这种内丹说是以外丹为参照和比喻而言的,另一种依据是对四季更替的顺序所进行的划分。苏轼主要是受到了《难经》将心肺与肾肝相连在一起的影响,而朱熹主要是根据五行"生之序"将同为阳的水、木与同为阴的火、金两两结合在一起而分别提出了离铅坎汞说。

SU Shi and ZHU Xi in the theory of Longhu and Qiangong proposed two kind of combinations,namely,Longgong was associated with Kanshen,Huqian was associated with Lixin,which were different from the combinations of Taoism.In the nearly 1000 years of history,no scholar has ever commented on two kind of combinations.The author is aware of it,and strives to proven the basis and the meaning of the theory of Longhu and Qiangong.Taoist classics Zhou Yi Can Tong Qi and Wu Zhen Piang all agree that wood and fire are together,gold and water are together,one of the reasons is that this kind of inner alchemy of Taoism is to take outer alchemy as the reference and metaphor,another is the division based on the order of the four seasons change.SU Shi was mainly affected by the Nanjing where heart and lungs are linked to kidney and liver.While ZHU Xi combined wood,water and fire,gold together according to the life sequence of the five elements,and put forward respectively the theory of Liqian and Kangong.