危害分析与关键控制点体系在海洋石油作业平台职业病危害预测中的应用

Application of HACCP system in predicting occupational hazards in offshore oil platform

目的应用危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)体系对某海洋石油作业平台建设项目(简称"建设项目")进行职业病危害因素预测和作业场所关键控制点分析。方法以某新建海洋石油作业平台为研究对象。选择某省已投产运行的海洋石油作业平台为类比企业。根据HACCP体系和职业卫生现场调查结局,结合类比法、职业病危害因素检测法、经验法和文献分析法,对建设项目可能存在的职业病危害因素进行识别,并对作业场所关键控制因素进行预测,确定工作场所的关键控制点。结果类比企业存在的职业病危害因素包括噪声、高温、化学毒物、工频电磁场和微波辐射等。工作场所噪声强度范围71.8~101.9 d B(A),个体噪声超标率为33.3%;高温作业工种超标率为50.00%;化学毒物检测浓度低于职业接触限值。运用HACCP体系,将噪声、化学毒物、高温列为新建项目的关键控制因素,确定关键控制点。结论 HACCP体系可用于海洋石油作业平台建设项目职业病危害预测及关键控制点确定,对建设项目的职业病防护设施设计提供一定的科学依据。

Objective To predict occupational hazards and analyze critical control points by applying the hazard analysis and critical control point system（ HACCP） in the new offshore oil platform project. Methods A new offshore oil platform project and an operating offshore oil platform project were selected as study object and analogy enterprise,respectively.HACCP system and occupational investigation,together the analogy,occupational hazard detection,empirical method and document analysis methods were combined to identify the occupational hazards,and then predict and determine the critical control points. Results The occupational hazards in the analogy enterprise were noise,chemical poisons,heat,power frequency electromagnetic field and microwave radiation. The noise intensities of monitoring points ranged from 71. 8-101. 9 d B（ A）. 33. 3% of the personal noise monitoring points exceeded the occupational exposure limit. 50% of heat stress exposed worker exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The concentrations of chemical poisons were below occupational exposure limits. The noise,chemical poisons and heat were determined as critical control point by applying the hazard analysis and critical control point system in the new project. Conclusion The HACCP system could apply to predict occupational hazards and determine critical control point（ CCP） in the offshore oil platform project,and could provide scientific basis for designing of occupational protective facilities.