哈尔滨市4城区2014-2016年学生常见病情况分析

Common disease situation analysis of 3 grade students in Harbin city

目的了解哈尔滨市4城区2016年与2014、2015年监测点学校学生常见病检出状况及其变化规律,为学校常见病防治工作提供参考。方法 2014、2015和2016年的3-12月对4城区监测点学校共计126 656名学生进行健康体检,采用SPSS 20.0对健康体检资料进行统计分析。结果 2016年4城区中小学生视力低下、龋齿、营养不良、肥胖和沙眼检出率分别为28.65%、13.38%、10.87%、7.30%和0.34%,略呈下降趋势,与2014和2015年相比(χ2值分别为520.199,655.559,3 040.192,2.322,2 882.311,除肥胖外P值均<0.01)。结论 4城区中、小学生的视力低下、龋齿及营养不良现状虽然有下降趋势,但是发病率不容忽视,视力低下防治的重点在初中女学生,龋齿防治的重点在小学男学生,营养不良防治的重点在初中女学生。

Objective To understand the status of students from the four urban areas of Harbin in 2016 and 2014 and2015,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of common diseases in schools. Methods A total of 126656 students in 4 urban areas in 2014,2015 and 2016 were given a healthy physical examination,using SPSS20.0 for statistical analysis of health physical examination data. Results April 2016 urban poor vision,dental caries of primary and middle school students,malnutrition,obesity,trachoma detection rate were 28.65%,13.38%,10.87%,7.30%,10.87%,slightly declining,compared with 2014 and 2015（ χ^2 value were 520.199,520.199,655.559,2.322,2 882.311,P values in addition to obesity 0.01）. Conclusion 4 city elementary and middle school students of poor vision,dental caries,and poor nutrition status despite has a declining trend,but the incidence rate cannot be ignored,the key of prevention and control of low vision in junior high school are female students,the focus of the caries prevention and treatment are male students in elementary school,the focus of the prevention and control of malnutrition are in junior high school female students.