摘要
The advances and retreats of glaciations through the Pleistocene,especially most recent the Last Glacial Maximum(19-26 thousand years ago),have significantly affected the demographic history,abundance and distribution pattern of modern species.During these glaciations,many species were excluded from large parts of their ranges and forced into refugia by the expanding ice sheets,followed by
The advances and retreats of glaciations through the Pleistocene, especially most recent the Last Glacial Maximum （19-26 thousand years ago）,have significantly affected the demographic history, abundance and distribution pattern of modern species. During these glaciations, many species were excluded from large parts of their ranges and forced into refugia by the expanding ice sheets, followed by recolonization and population expansion as the glaciers retreated
