中药固体废弃物的热解炭化利用策略与研究实践

Research and Practice on Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials Solid Waste by Pyrolysis and Carbonization

中药固体废弃物是指在中药资源产业化过程中产生的未被开发利用的中药资源生物体废弃组织器官及中药废渣等。随着社会经济的快速发展和对健康产品消费能力的不断提升,中药固体废弃物的产生量逐年升高,环境承载压力巨大。如何实现中药固体废弃物的有效处置与资源化利用已成为构建中药资源产业绿色发展过程中一个不可回避的问题。生物炭是生物质在缺氧条件下,经高温裂解炭化而形成的一种碳含量较高的物质,其在粮食安全、环境保护、农业可持续发展及固碳减排方面均具有较大应用潜力。本文在对生物炭制备方法及其应用前景进行分析的基础上,依据中药固体废弃物的资源特点,就其热解炭化利用策略进行了探讨,并以部分代表性中药固体废弃物为例进行了研究实践,以期为实现中药固体废弃物的资源化利用与有效处置提供支撑,为构建我国中药资源循环经济产业链、实现中药资源产业的绿色发展提供实施依据。

The solid waste of Chinese medicinal materials （SWCMM） refers to the biological resource produced in the industrialization of Chinese medicinal materials, and not been utilized till now, such as the waste tissues and waste residue of Chinese herbs. With the rapid development of social economy and the gradual increase for the consumption of health products, the production of the SWCMM was continuously increased, which resulted in the great challenge for the environment. How to realize the effective disposal and utilization of the SWCMM has become an unavoidable problem in the green development of Chinese medicine resources. Biochar is the biomass consisted high carbon content and formed by high temperature pyrolysis carbonization under hypoxic conditions, which has great application potential in food security, environmental protection, sustainable development of agriculture and solid carbon reduction. In this paper, the preparation method and utilization prospect of biocar was analyzed. Based on the above results and considering the resourceful characteristics of SWCMM, the pyrolysis and charring utilization strategy for SWCMM was discussed. Furthermore, some representative SWCMMs as examples have been studied. The purpose was to provide support for the utilization and effective disposal of SWCMM, and provide help for building the green development and recycling economy industrial chain for Chinese medicinal materials resource.