双边栝楼成熟果实不同部位游离氨基酸及核苷类资源性化学成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Amino Acids and Nucleosides in Different Parts of Ripe Fruit of Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms

目的:通过对双边栝楼果实各部位(皮、瓤、种子)中核苷类、氨基酸类化学成分的分析评价,为其资源化利用提供科学依据。方法:采用UPLC-MS/MS方法分析安徽产双边栝楼果皮、果瓤和种子中的氨基酸类、核苷类化学组成及含量。结果:从双边栝楼果实各部位中检测到氨基酸19种,所测得氨基酸类成分含量为栝楼果皮(3.23%)>栝楼瓤(2.22%)>栝楼子(0.591%),果瓤中精氨酸、瓜氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸约占所测得氨基酸总量的62%,果皮中瓜氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺约占所测得氨基酸总量的81%;种子中除精氨酸含量较高外,其他氨基酸含量均低于0.1%。各部位中胸苷和胞苷总量为栝楼果皮(116.9μg·g^(-1))>栝楼瓤(38.09μg·g^(-1))>栝楼子(23.38μg·g^(-1))。结论:双边栝楼果实各部位均含有较为丰富的游离氨基酸和核苷类化学成分,具有潜在的药用和营养保健价值;尤其是作为产地初加工废弃物的果瓤,值得深入开发利用。

Objective： To provide the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms, nucleosides and amino acids in different parts of T. rosthornii （peel, pulp and seed ） were analyzed and evaluated. Methods： Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC/MS-MS） technique was used to determine the contents of nucleosides and dissociative amino acids of different parts in T. rosthornii planted in Anhui. Results： In the samples of T. rosthornii, 19 kinds of amino acids were detected. The total amount of amino acids is sorted as fruit peel （3.23%） 〉 fruit pulp （2. 22% ） 〉 seed （0. 591% ） . The main amino acids in fruit pulp are arginine, citrulline, serine, proline. The total amount of the four accounts for about 62% of the total amino acid content. Citrulline, arginine, lysine and glutamine were at a high levels in fruit peel. The total amount of the four accounted for about 81% of the total amino acid content. The content of arginine in the seeds was relatively higher, and the content of other amino acids was less than 0. 1%. The total amount of thymidine and cytidine was sorted as fruit peel （116. 9μg·g^-1） 〉 fruit pulp （38. 09 μg·g^-1 ） 〉 seed （23.38 μg·g^-1 ） . Conclusion： The different parts of T. rosthornii （peel, pulp and seed） contain a number of dissociative amino acids and nucleosides, with potential medicinal and nutritional value. Especially, the pulp which is the waste in initial processing in origins is worth in-depth development and utilization.