广东地区利用黄牛的生长补偿特性育肥试验

Study on utilization of compensation growth characteristics of cattle during the fattening in Guangdong area

为研究利用黄牛的补偿生长进行短期育肥,试验选择30头杂种黄牛,按照年龄分为高龄组和低龄组,进行二阶段的育肥试验。结果表明:高龄组牛在每日补饲0.8 kg混合精饲料时,日增重为(828.3±209.9)g,在每日补饲1.5 kg混合精料时,日增重第1个月为(946.9±145.1)g,第2个月为(859.5±259.9)g;低龄组牛在每日补饲0.69 kg混合精饲料时,日增重为(708.4±200.4)g,在每日补饲1.5 kg混合精饲料时,第1个月日增重为(897.4±217.0)g,第2个月为(956.1±245.3)g。说明随着年龄、体重的增加,维持需要增加,在育肥过程中应随着牛年龄、体重的增加而增加;在农户饲养水平条件下,高龄牛较低龄牛遭受的营养缺乏多,在营养水平有恢复时高龄牛的补偿生长程度较高;在补充同等水平精料时低龄牛更容易满足生长需要,因此实施牛的育肥时精饲料补饲量应根据牛的年龄、体重增长而进行调整;架子牛育肥生产模式中精饲料补充方法和添加量有待进一步研究,以充分利用牛的补偿生长提高育肥综合生产效益。

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term fattening by using cattle compensation growth. The 30 hybrid cattle were divided into old age group and low age group according to the age. The second stage of fattening experiment was carried out. The results showed that the daily gain of the cattle in old age group was（ 828. 3 ± 209. 9） g when the cattle were supplemented with 0. 8 kg mixed grain feed. When the cattle were supplemented with 1. 5 kg mixed grain feed,the daily gain of the cattle in old age group was（ 946. 9 ±145. 1） g in the first month and（ 859. 5 ± 259. 9） g in the second month during fattening. The average daily gain of the cattle in low age group was（ 708. 4 ± 200. 4） g when the cattle were supplemented with 0. 69 kg mixed feed. When the cattle of low age group were supplemented with1. 5 kg mixed feed,the daily gain of the cattle was（ 897. 4 ± 217. 0） g in the first month and（ 956. 1 ± 245. 3） g in the second month. The results indicated that because the survival maintain needs of the cattle were increased with the age and body weight,the amount of supplemental grain-feed should be increased with the age and body weight during fattening. The old age cattle suffered more nutrition deficiency than the low age cattle under the condition of the farmers breeding. So the compensation growth degree of the old cattle was higher when the nutrition level was recovered. It was easier for the low age cattle to meet the needs of growth when supplement with the same level of grain-feed. So the supplemental amount of grain feed should be adjusted with the age and body weight of the cattle during fattening. The supplemental feeding method and the amount of grain feed should be further studied in the fattening production of shelf cattle in order to fully use the compensation growth of cattle to improve the production benefits of the fatting cattle.