美国中小学校与社区互动的两种研究取向

Two Approaches of Research on Interactions between Middle & Primary School and Community in USA

美国中小学校与社区的互动存在着两种研究取向,即学校、家庭与社区伙伴关系取向和青少年—成人伙伴关系取向。前者基于人类个体发展的生态学分析框架,强调中小学生置身于其中的学校、家庭与社区之间的互动,并将家长卷入作为重要的研究主题。后者基于青少年的赋权增能理论,强调青少年和成人的合作共事,服务学习是其中一项重要的实践模型。两种研究取向具有互补性、共通性和情境性,从而使得美国中小学校与社区的互动呈现出复杂的多样性。

There are two approaches of research on interactions between basic educa-tion schools and community in USA. One is school-family-community partnerships,whichbased on the ecological framework of human development,emphasizing interactions be-tween schools,families and communities and having parental involvement as one of themain topic. The other is youth-adult partnership,which based on the empowerment ofyouth,emphasizing the collaboration between youth and adults and having service learningas one of the practice models. The two approaches are complementary and have commonali-ty and specific context,thus the interactions between basic education schools and communi-ty in USA are variety with complexity.