油莎豆盐土栽培生理初探

Study on Physiology of Chufa Cultivation in Solonchak

为研究油莎豆在沿海滩涂开发中的种植与利用技术,通过盆栽模拟试验,探索了不同土壤和肥料对油莎豆生长及生理的影响。结果表明:(1)沙性盐土与常规黏性土壤相比,更适宜油莎豆种子的出苗,单株结实个数及果实干重均高于常规黏性土壤处理;(2)日最低气温低于10.0℃不利于油莎豆种子的出苗;(3)沙性盐土+抗盐立苗基质处理(SSM)能够促进油莎豆种子出苗及分株生长,并提高经济产量,播种后85 d油莎豆植株分蘖生长群体数量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。根系干重、单株果实数量及果实干重较沙性盐土+化肥处理(SSF)、沙性盐土+有机肥处理(SSOF)均有所增加;(4)抗盐立苗基质有助于油莎豆叶片钾的吸收。SSM处理叶片钾含量高出SSOF处理0.44%,并显著高出SSF处理(P<0.05),平均高出11.65%;(5)与SSF比较,SSM处理显著增加了叶片可溶性糖含量(P<0.05),增加值达0.08mmol/g FW,同时显著降低了叶片相对电导率(P<0.05),降低幅度达35.16%;与SSOF比较,SSM处理更有利于增加油莎豆叶片可溶性糖含量,并降低叶片相对电导率和叶片脯氨酸含量。

The physiology chufa cultivation in solonchak was explored through pot simulation test under soils with different textures and under different fertilizers in order to determine the suitable planting way of chufa in the exploitation of the coastal mud fiat. The results showed that solonchak with salt content of 2.98 g/kg was more suitable for the germination of chufa tubers than conventional clayey soil which salt content of 0.43 g/kg, and the number and dry weight of tubers under the treaments of solonchak were also higher than those under the treatments of conventional clayey soil. The daily lowest temperature for the normal germination of chufa tubers should be higher than 10.0 ~C. Solonchak under salt-resistant and seeding-grow matrixes treatment （SSM） promoted the germination and tillering of chufa tubers, and increased the economic output of chufa. In sown 85 days, the tillers number under SSM treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments（P〈0.05）. The root dry weight, number and dry weight of tubers under SSM treatment were higher than solonchak under chemical fertilizer treatment （SSF） and solonchak under commodity organic fertilizer treatment （SSOF）. Salt-resistant and seeding-grow matrixes was helpful for the potassium uptake of chufa leaves. Total potassium content in chufa leaves under SSM treatment was 0.44% higher than that under SSOF treatment, and was 11.65% significantly higher than that under SSF treatment（P〈0.05）. Soluble sugar content in chufa leaves under SSM treatment was significantly increased by 0.08 mmol/g FW than SSF treatment, while the relative conductivity of chufa leaves was significantly decreased by 35.16% （P〈0.05）. Compared with SSOF treatment, SSM treatment is more helpful for chufa leaves to accumulate soluble sugar and to decrease relative conductivity and proline content.