清代甘肃与绿营马政

Study on Green Camp Horse Administration of Gansu Province in the Qing Dynasty

满洲以骑射威天下,历代清帝对骑射均重视有加,因而马政在清代长期占有重要地位。清代国家马政体系由两个系统组成:一是皇家马政体系,隶属于上驷院;一是国家马政系统,隶属于太仆寺与兵部。而国家系统又包括八旗马政体系和绿营马政体系,尤以绿营马政体系规制周详、数量庞大,对清代军马及官马供应具有重要影响,而甘肃则为绿营马政的主要组成部分,对绿营军马供应关系巨大。

Manchuria was famous for its riding and shooting, to which the Qing Emperors all paid special attention, so the horse administration was really important at that time. The horse administration in the Qing Dynasty consisted of two systems ： one was of the Royal family, belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs ; the other was of the state government, belonging to Taipu Temple and Ministry of Defense. The latter one was composed of the Eight Banners system and the Green Camp system, which had comprehensive regulation and huge quantity, influenced greatly on the management and supplying of the army horses and the official horses. Gansu Province, as the important position of Green Camp horse administration, supplied great number of the army horses in the Qing Dynasty.