论汉语字词的语用频率及其分布规律

Pragmatic Frequency and Distribution Regularities of Chinese Characters and Words

汉字的语用频率及其分布,体现了所记之词的使用价值与构词能力。字频、词频的深入研究使人们认识到：汉语字词的社会应用很不平衡而集中两端,高频字词的覆盖率极高但数量有限,低频字词的数量庞大但使用率极低,字词应用时有变化但基本字词相当稳定。究其所以然,汉语基本语素的集中和稳定,决定了常用语素字的集中和稳定;汉字的表意性与多义化,则使常用语素字更为稳定、更为集中。汉语汉字具有词多字（语素字）少以字构词而生词熟字的规律,这一规律具有重要的认知意义与广泛的应用价值。

The pragmatic frequency and distribution regularities of Chinese characters reflects the value in use and word-formation ability of words. The social applications of Chinese characters and words are very uneven, the number of high frequency characters and words is limited, the number of low frequency characters and words is huge, the applications have changed sometimes but the basic characters and words are quite stable. The concentration and stableness of basic morphemes determines the concentration and stableness of common characters of morpheme, and the ideography and polysemy of Chinese characters strengthens it. The law of Chinese has cognitive significance and widespread application value that more character less word, word from character and familiar character unfamiliar word.