乌鲁木齐市某医院婴幼儿腹泻轮状病毒监测分析

Surveillance of infants with rotavirus diarrhea in a hospital in Urumqi

目的分析新疆乌鲁木齐市某哨点医院婴幼儿腹泻住院病人粪便标本中轮状病毒(RV)的流行规律及病原学特征,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法收集2016年1月1日—12月31日乌鲁木齐市某哨点医院婴幼儿腹泻住院病例的流行病学资料和粪便标本,以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测患儿粪便标本抗原,并用反转录─聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法进行病原学基因分型。结果采集5岁以下腹泻住院病人粪便标本302份,检出轮状病毒(RV)阳性108份、阳性率35.76%(108/302);12月龄~组阳性率最高(42.86%),0月龄~组最低(25.86%);男性阳性率(33.85%)高于女性(39.25%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.879,P>0.05);发病高峰为8—12月,阳性检出率12月最高(62.50%)、6月最低(2.86%),各月差异有统计学意义(χ2=52.347,P<0.01);检出基因型G1P[8],G3P[8],G9P[8],G2P[4],G9P[6],G2P[8]和G3P[4]型共7种基因型,以G3P[8]为主、占31.07%,G9P[6]检出最少、占1.94%。结论乌鲁木齐市某哨点医院秋冬季婴幼儿腹泻住院病人中,轮状病毒感染率高,病原以G3P[8]和G9P[8]为主;应密切关注病毒性腹泻,避免治疗滥用抗生素;婴幼儿及时接种疫苗,家长应注意儿童的手卫生,保障儿童的健康。

Objective To analyze the regularity of epidemic and etiological features of group A rotavirus in the feces samples collected from infants with diarrhea in a sentinel hospital in Urumqi, and provide basis for developing prevention and control measurement. Methods Feces samples and epidemiological materials were collected from the infants with diarrhea during January 1 st—December 31 st, 2016, and detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and polymerase chain reaction（PCR） for genotyping. Results Out of the 302 collected samples, there were 108 positive samples, with the total positive rate of 35.76%（108/302）. The rotavirus positive rate of infants was the highest（42.86%） in 12-month-group and the lowest（25.86%） in 0-month-group; and 33.85% of the male and 39.25% of the female, without statistical difference（χ2=0.879, P〈0.05）. The peak of onset was from August to December with the highest positive rate（62.50%） in December and the lowest（2.86%） in June. The monthly positive rates had statistical difference（χ2=52.347,P〈0.01）. Among the identified genotypes of G1 P[8], G3 P[8], G9 P[8], G2 P[4], G9 P[6], G2 P[8] and G3 P[4], G3 P[8] mainly accounted for 31.07%, and G9 P[6] was the lowest of 1.94%. Conclusions The positive rate of rotavirus is high in the infants with diarrhea in a hospital of Urumqi in autumn and winter. G3 P[8] and G9 P[8] are the main genotypes of pathogen. The viral diarrhea should be paid close attention to and the abuse of antibiotics should be avoided in the treatment. The infants aged 6-23 months should be vaccinated. Parents should keep their children＇s hands clean for health.