鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)研究动态

Study Trends about Gazella subgutturosa

鹅喉羚 (Gazellasubgutturosa) 为IUCN红皮书保护物种 ,国家二级保护动物。该种可分为 6个亚种 ,分布于西亚、南亚和中亚及其邻近地区 ;我国境内 4亚种 ,分布于新疆准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、昆仑 -阿尔金山 ,内蒙古西部 ,甘肃西部 ,青海柴达木盆地 ,宁夏荒漠区 ;新疆是鹅喉羚的主要分布区 ,有 3亚种。新疆昌吉州平均密度为0 .8± 0 .2 4只 /km2 ,准噶尔盆地为 0 .71± 0 .17只 /km2 ,卡拉麦里山保护区为 0 .83± 0 .36只 /km2 。准噶尔亚种雌∶雄 =1∶1.0 5 ,成∶幼 =2 .4∶1,母∶仔 =1∶1.4。鹅喉羚犄角有效成份与赛加羚犄角相同 ,但氨基酸总含量约低 8% ,为潜在的“羚羊角”替代品。天门冬氨酸含量增加可能与运动相关。该种雄性染色体为 33、32或 31,雌性为 32、31或30 ,这种差异可能是由于染色体间融合和易位所致。犄角年龄环纹可作为年龄鉴定的依据。最后 ,对饲养繁殖、疾病防治。

Gazella subgutturosa is a protected species in the Red Book of IUCN and a kind of protected animals in grade II in China. In this paper, the domestic and foreign study trends about Gazella subgutturosa are summarized. Gazella subgutturosa is classified into 6 subspecies, and inhabit in West Asia, South Asia and Central Asia as well as their vicinities. There are 4 subspecies in China, they inhabit in Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain in Xinjiang, the western part of Inner Mongol Autonomous Region, the western part of Gansu Province, Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province, and the desert regions in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Xinjiang is the main region where Gazella subgutturosa inhabit and there are 3 subfspecies. The average densities of Gazella subgutturosa in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Junggar Basin, and Karamairi Mountain Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, are 0.8±0.24, 0.71±0.17 and 0.83±0.36/km 2 respectively. In the Junggar, the female and male, adult and fawn, and female and juvenile are in the ratios of 1∶1.05, 2.4∶1 and 1∶1.4 respectively. The efficacious conterts in the horns of Gazella subgutturosa are similar to that of Saiga tatarica, but the content of amino acid is lower for about 8% than that of Saiga tatarica, so the horns of Gazella subgutturosa can be potentially used to replace antelope's horns. The high content of aspartic acid may be related to the movement of the animals. The numbers of the chromosomes are 33, 32 or 31 for the male and 32, 31 or 30 for the female respectively. This difference may be caused by the X-autosome translocation and by a centric fusion between the two pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. The achievements in the research on the breeding and reproduction, prevention of diseases, impacting factors, protection measures, etc., are synthetically assessed.