韵书虚词研究价值举隅——以《集韵》所见“~辞”为例

The Value of the Function Words in Rhyme Books——"-Ci"(~辞) in the Book of JiYun as an Example

韵书中收录了大量的虚词,如《集韵》就以"~辞"为释语收入"可止之辞"、"辨僻之辞"、"专辞"等十九个类别的"辞",其中包括经学家解经时蕴涵了"春秋笔法"之义的专用术语,以及用来表称言辞、事物的名目,更多的还是语法学意义上的虚词,表明宋人已经具备了初步的词类观念。这些名称散见于各个字词的训释之中,文章尝试对其加以归纳疏通,并总结评价以《集韵》为代表的韵书对古汉语虚词研究的贡献及局限。

A great deal of function words are documented in rhyme books. JiYun, for example, collects 19 categories using the format ＂-Ci＂, such as ＂kezhizhici＂, ＂pianpizhici＂ and ＂zhuanci＂ to explain the meaning of v^ords. Most of them are function words grammatically, which shows that people in the Song Dynasty had the preliminary concepts of parts of speech. Others are used to represent words and things, or specifically express ＂Techniques of Chunqiu Writing＂. These names of the categories can be found in the interpretations of lexical meanings. This paper attempted to sort them out and evaluated the contributions and limitations of the book JiYun to the research in the functions words in ancient Chinese.