强迫及相关障碍的核心特征与治疗

Core symptoms and treatments of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)中,强迫及相关障碍的代表性疾病是强迫症、躯体变形障碍、囤积障碍。这组障碍均涉及频繁的害怕、担心、冲动性的强迫思维,可伴有仪式化的强迫行为。患者缺乏弹性,耗费大量精力维持不良的行为模式。强迫症的诊断要求存在强迫思维和/或强迫行为,每天耗时1小时以上。躯体变形障碍患者沉湎于自己感受到的外貌缺陷并过度照镜子或过度修饰缺陷。囤积障碍是指持续收集或难以丢弃没有实际价值的物品,占据了生活空间,导致安全与健康隐患。强迫及相关障碍的治疗方法包括SSRIs类药物治疗、心理咨询等。

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,fifth edition( DSM-5),obsessive-compulsive disorder( OCD),body dysmorphia disorder and hoarding disorder are representative illnesses of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. This series of disorders involves worry,fear and impulsive obsessive thoughts experienced frequently,and sometimes accompanying with ritualized compulsive behaviors. The modle includes patients who lack resilience and flexibility,spending enormous energy maintaining mal-adaptive behaviors. The diagnosis of OCD requires obsessions and/or compulsions,which occur more than one hour per day. Patients with body dysmorphia disorder are preoccupied with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance,often excessively checking the mirror or modifying themselves. Hoarding disorder is characterized by sustained collecting or difficulty in discarding valueless possessions,which results in congested living conditions and threats to their safety and health.Recommended treatment methods include psychotropic medication such as SSRIs and psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.