利益分享视阈下的“资源诅咒”——基于三个矿区个案的比较研究

“Resource Curse” under Perspective of Benefit-Sharing:Comparative Study Based on Three Diggings

自然资源丰裕地区在资源利用过程中经常产生社会冲突,形成社会稳定中的"资源诅咒"。基于资源诅咒——利益分享的分析框架,通过两省三个煤炭资源丰裕乡镇的经验分析发现,资源利用过程中产生的利益冲突是诱发这类资源诅咒的重要变量,而矿区的利益分享方式的差异会对其产生不同的影响。这些方式可分为主动分享、半主动半被动分享和被动分享三种,相应的三地的矿区稳定形势也呈现出从平稳到冲突的差异。利益分享的不同制度安排导致了资源丰裕地区的社会稳定状况不同。因此基于各地的具体情况,通过合理分享资源利益有可能有效地减少资源丰裕地区因资源开采而引发的社会冲突,从而化解社会稳定中的资源诅咒。

In the process of resource utilization in the natural resource-rich area,the social conflicts always exist.Therefore,the'Resource Curse'is developed in social stability.Based on the analysis framework of benefit-sharing and institutional arrangements,and the empirical analysis of three coal-rich towns in two provinces as well,it finds that benefit conflicts in the resource utilization is the important variable to the cause of the Resource Curse.Moreover,the methods of benefit-sharing in diggings can be divided into three types:active sharing,semi-active and semi-negative sharing,negative-sharing,accordingly,the stabilities of three diggings vary from stabilization to unceasing conflicts.Different benefit-sharing system causes different level of stability in resource-rich area.Therefore,based on specific situation,it is possible to reduce the social conflicts caused by resources exploitation by means of sharing resource benefits reasonably in resource-rich area,and further resolve the'Resource Curse'in the social stability.