鄂西土家族“撒尔嗬”的过渡仪式及其功能

The Transitional Rites of Tujia "Saerhe" Ceremony in Western Hubei and Its Function

土家族的"撒尔嗬"仪式是独具民族特色的丧葬祭祀活动,该仪式具有典型的从分离到聚合的过渡特征。基于象征人类学的视野,鄂西土家族"撒尔嗬"从"停灵"到"送圣"的整个过程可以区分为仪式的"前阈限、阈限、后阈限"三阶段,各阶段都有其显著的特征,通过各阶段时并伴有相应的仪式行为。"撒尔嗬"仪式还蕴含着丰富的社会文化功能,各仪式主体经由仪式实现了与亡人的告别以及社会关系的重建。

Tujia ＂ Saerhe ＂ ceremony is a funeral ritual with unique national characteristics, which has the typical transitional features from separation to polymerization. From the symbolic anthropology perspective, the whole process of Enshi Tujia funeral can bedivided into three stages： rites preliminaries, rites liminaries and rites postliminaries＂ , then each stage has its own remarkable characteristics and accompanied by corresponding ritual behaviors. The Sarehe ceremony also carries rich socio-cultural functions, such aseach ritual subject achieved farewell to the dead and the reconstruction of social relations by the rites.摇 摇